This paper introduces a relatively simple and efficient method in which the need for an external opaque edge is circumvented. The difficulty in introducing an opaque edge in the light path is the key geometrical constraint from a system perspective. However, the problem of edge diffraction did not receive significant identity in metrological applications like its counterpart of conventional interferometry mainly because of its geometrical constraints. The developed theories have been applied to many problems of scientific and engineering interest 15– 20. Several researchers have contributed to the study of edge diffraction phenomena. Different notions are used to describe the phenomenon of diffraction as interference 13, 14 but the utilization of it notably to vibration measurement has still not been fully exploited. Similarly, several techniques that use optical diffraction 11, 12 have been developed as an alternative to optical interferometry. Indeed, sensor systems that use interferometry are bulky as they are associated with a number of optical elements and the complexity grows substantially and imposes stringent mechanical requirements because the alignment is critical. However, severe drawbacks are associated with their practical use, especially when several measurement points are considered or the installation must be performed in open spaces. These interferometric techniques are considered to have high performance and generally well-suited, and reliable for metrological applications. Among the classic interferometric techniques 1 like Moiré interferometery 3, 4, holographic interferometry 5, 6, laser doppler vibrometery 7, speckle interferometry 8, 9 for vibration monitoring, Michelson interferometer 10 is the most popularly adopted apparatus by scientists and engineers. These optical techniques combined with advanced computers, frame grabbers and image processing algorithms make them handy for most of the industrial applications. Numerous traditional interferometers 1 are now in use for the mission of common man from research laboratories to flying satellites. Several techniques that use optical interference for the measurement of displacements and vibrations have been developed 2. Measurements of displacement and vibration have been an area of interest in many engineering problems using these two phenomena. Daniel Malacara 1 in his book detailed these phenomena, their differences, advantages and disadvantages and various instruments that are made for physical measurements. However, the two phenomena are so different and are so adequately explained in many text books. The diffraction pattern seen on any observation screen is really another interference pattern. In reality, there is no difference between the interference and diffraction pattern. The most striking examples are the interference and diffraction patterns often seen every day in experiments with light. When the laser beam is used for measurement applications, the spatial profile of the laser beam exhibiting particular distribution patterns and propagation properties in space and time are much more important. Controlling the profile of a laser beam in space and time is an important research challenge in optical technology. Lasers are predominantly used as diagnostic tools or as energy sources in scientific research exploration.
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